Frederick walton



tluitml hitter Qatari Letters Patent No.

87,227, dated February 23,

ncrizovnmm-r m was AND in The Schedule referred to in these To all to whom it may concern lie itlmown that I, FREDERICK Linoleum Works, Staines, in the county of Middlesex, England, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, have invented or discovered new and useful Improvements in the Manufacture of Floor-Cloths andCovci-ings. and Similar Fabrics, and in Pavements and I, the said Fannnnlck WALTON, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner the same- "is to be peribrmed, to be palticularly described and ascertained in and by thefollowiug statement thereof; that is to say- This invention has, for its object, improvements in the manuihcture of floor-cloths and coverings, and similar fabrics, and in pavements, and is applicable when employing, in such manufactures, a composition coninto cakes, and aiterwards it is combined with anequal' fi l d l l maycut 'eey an ceauyu. In case sawdust is used, a larger quantity to the.

weight of,ground cork in a mixing-.machinez' same bulk of cement may couvenientl'ybe used.

The mixing-machine may consist of two rollers, one; running quicker than the other, and the cakes of cenient are, before being submitted to its action, heated,

by being placed on steam-plates; ora machine of the following construction may be employed:

The softened kes of cement are put steam-heated casing, fitted with a coarse screw, which forces the cement through an aperture in the bottom of the casing, fitted witha movable slide, scthat the quantity of cement delivsredperminute ma'y be' regulated, as required. l Below this cylinder is fixed another steam-heated cylinder, containing a central shaft, having radial arms,

fitted in such manner as to form a screw, and between v such arms are fitted, on the side of the cylinder, other arms, to mix the materials, and also tocause the mixed material to travel forward and he delivered atthe bottom of the cylinder.

The ground cork and cement are admitted, and in the proportions desired at the same end of the cylinder.

The ground cork is fed in by means of a pair of rollers, which deliver, more or less, in proportion as they are set closer or further apart.

murderous or noon-chorus suns ron rnvmmu'rd WALTON, of the in a circular 1869 patented in England, nu ber 19, 1863.

Arm smrunrnnrcs,

Letters Patent and making part of the "ir'ie.";

When employing sawdust, in place of cork, I- prefer, if light colois are desired, to bleach it before it is used. Short fibre may be similarly employed. v

To produce a floor-cloth, or a fabric with a patternupon it, I take a composition, such as. above stated, either uncolored or colored, with a suitable pigment,

and spread it on a back of Wovenfahric,

For this purpose, 1' -ko the above cork or woodsawdust composition, and breakit into small pieces, like peas, in a. It is then spread evenly, by a gauge or gauges, on a travelling-cloth or blanket, which passes through n steam-heated chamber, and delivers it, when soitened, into the mouth ofa-pair of powerful rollers, which are. heated by steam, admitted to'the inteiior'of thefmi These rollers press the composition, and roll it o A a; linen or jute fabric, which lies on the bottom roller.

A steel doctor, held on by. levers and'weights,'keeps the roller clean, and a woollen pad, tightly screwed.

down, and supplied with oil, lubricates it, and prevents adhesion of the material rolled.

As the fabric leaves the rollers, the composition which overlaps the edge is cut oil. "1 1 For'this purpose, the fabric is caused to pass overa bar, with two blades fixed in it, at a distance apart, equal to the-widthof thefabrlc.

' The bar is able to slide ondways in guides, so as to accommodateitsclf to the -'ruu of the fabric, and the blades are inclined ata coiisiderable angle, so that they I then pass the fabric between rollers, conveniently I of gun-metal or cast-iron, one of which has the pattern out upon it, and'thus press down the composition, at

pear difl'ering from that of the composition spread on the fabric; or the same end may be attained, and perplate being employed, pressed down on the fabric by hydraulic or other pressure.

I then take a second fabric, and spread thereon com- .pp tinmmlcmdeth m l-fi pattern, and with rollers, or otherwise, as before, I press down the composition at the parts where a'different color is required to that of the composition spread on; that is tosay, the second embossing-roller is raised exactly in the parts in which. the first roller is depressed, or cut away, and vice verse. I p

The projections on the pattern-surface should be a good deal tapered, so that they may draw out of the composition with iiwility, and sothat the two pressed sheets may go together readily and accurately.

The two coated and embossed fabrics thus produced, I place face to face, so that the raised portions of the one enter-the recesses in the other. The fabrics are made to adhere firmly, the one to bark-mill, or similar cutting-machine.

thepalts where it is desired that a color should aphaps more conveniently, by flat pressure, a patternthe other, by pressing them together, the composition still being soft, or being rendered soft by passing the fisbrics between steam-pipes or chests, arranged so as to form a chamber.

The pressure is best applied by squeezing the fabric between flat plates In a hydraulic press.

Ia'stl by meens of a splitting-machine, I cut the two apart, leaving a portion of the composition on can The splittlngmrachine I, employ, cousists of an endless band of steel, sharpened at the edge. It is mounted on two pulleys; say four feet in diameter, and padded ."wlth waslr-leatlrel; after the manner of Perins saws.

' 1 The band rnnsat a high speed, say ninety feet per second, and is steadied in brass guides.

A pieceof Turkey-stone, balanced by weights and levers, bear-every slightly on the edge, and keeps it sharp, and pieces srf doctor-steel, placed before the sharpener on the edge, remove any dirt.

. A little oil is applied to the blade-by a fixed pad, to lubricate it. r I

Inthis manner, a pattern-fabric is obtained which Wm i q i ecdowuto the back before the pattern isobliterated. w v

.The process is more particularly applicable when the. two colors are distributed pretty equally over the fabrlqbjut when o'ne'is greatly in preponderance, a

greater or, less thickness of material should he allowed. If it be desired to obtain more, than two colors in the pattern, it may beadone .by repeating the operation for each additional color required.

. When itis desii'edto obtain an outline around the m. of the] pattern, I spread a'fabric with composition, ofth'eground-color, and overtbis, by a second spreading-process, I put a thin layer of composition,

of theoutlining-color, and then emboss by rollersor otherwise,'as in the former case. r The fabric, with the second color upon it,is applied,

and the two are cut apart, as before.

Ilnwill be. found that the act of embossing carries.

down the layer of the outlining-composition into a vertical. position around the edges of the pattern, so that xvhen separating the two fabrics, it is cut through and appears; Theremai'nder of-the outlining-composition is buried and. hidden.

In some cases, I coat and embos's a fabric as before,

andthenfill in ,therecesses with composition of a dif- 4 ferent color, in a soft-state, by a spreading-operation and scraping, or doctoring oil the excess of the soft material.

This process isapplicable more particularly to fine ,lines. I prefer to proceed as follows:

A metal plate or block, having fine raised lines on its surface, (this process being more especially applicable to the production of fine-lin6 patterns,)=is pressed .in the material byhydrauliopressure, and after the srinken lines are produced, composition, the same as: I

that alreadyde'scribed, dissolved with naphtha until of pasty consistence, is spread. intothe sunken lines, by.

' .means of a steel doctor. It is then allowed to dry,and, the surface cleaned off by pumice-stone and water, or

the surface may be finishedby taking off a thinv shaving witha cutting-machine, such as before described; or the second composition may be simply spread, or rolled in,and an upper back fabric applied, the two back fabrics being then cut apart, as before.

'In this case the composition should contain less naphtha than is used in the former case, aud a second fabric is run in between the composition and the rollers} afterward,the cutting-operation is performed as before.

In order to produce the smaller parts of the design produced, by preference by one or other of the methods hereinbefore described, I indent into the composition on the fabric, the designfto be added, and fill in the recesses with small pieces'ofsuitably-colored compowhole by pressure. 7 r

The indentation is best effected by means of a. plate,

by hydraulic pressure.

To consolidate the fabric, I prefer to employ hydraulic pressure and perfectly flat plates, which are. steam-heated during the operation. Rollers would'disarrange the pattern.

In sornecases, I, fill in the recesses with powder, made i by grinding composition of a suitable color,andconsolidate the fabric by heat and pressure.

The powder is made by grinding the cork, or wood- .bark-mill. The recesses are filled by a gauge and rollers, one following the other, on a flat surface, on which steam-chamber, before being drawn into the hydraulic press, for pressing and consolidating, as before.

Another method which I employ for producing simof various colors, and. cut or them in the form of the pattern.

wise produced, maybe employed. Abackfabrlcis are. If desired,*the back fabric maybe I proceed as follows: r

The punching is done by a perforating-(machine, such arranged so as to punch, say, six feet wide, atnone stroke, the fabric passing forward, to receiveiariother punching, around rollers, working .at'intervals.

When the holes are all punched, correspondingpieces set makes the holes in the sheet of the material, whilst this travels on, step by step, and the second set of row bands of material differently colored, and then, by continuing to move on, they carry the pieces cut out into the holes made in the sheet by the other. set of punches, and therethey leavethem.

I The holes in the sheet being filled, a woven fabric, prepared as hereinafter mentioned, is, if desired, ap-

whole'passes'forward into a hydraulic press, where it pressing. It moves forward drawn by rollers. y The cement I employ is the same material as the composition, without the cork or sawdust, and thinned with naphtha. Thiriehould be put on the cloth previously, and,allowed to' dry before the cloth is applied.

If .two back fabrics are applied, the compound fabric is split, as already described.

In orderto produce a floor-cloth or fabric with a marbled pattern upon it, Ireduce composition of several different colors into fragments of irregular shapes. This is conveniently done by a-process of very coarse grinding, as already described. The fragments are then mixed together, and spread in an even layer between two cloths, and consolidated by passing between rollers, or otherwise, by pressure, in the manner already set forth.

I prefer to pass the two cloths having the particles gauged to an equal thickness between them, to a hydraulic presswith flatplates. If rollers be used to apply the pressure, the particles fuse into one another at each operation, being where the larger parts of the pattern have been already sition, out tothe shapes required, and consolidate the. g

with'a raised pattern upon it, forced on to the fabric sawdust composition, (the latter preferred,)'in a fine the fabric is laid. The'whole is passed through a ilar pattern-fabrics is, to take sheets of composition, punch out pieces from The pieces punched out of a sheet of one color are C then introduced into the corresporrdingholes in asheet l of another color,'or pieces of suitable shape, but othernow cemented on, and the whole consolidated by pressas is used for metal, consisting of punches and; dies, 1

of another color are put in by hand-labor, or a machine may be employed, having two sets of punches. Thefirst 1 punches, in descending, passes through fillets, or narr plied on each side or on one side of the sheet. Theis pressed, say tenor twelve inches in width, at each v in a. similar manner.

to a, greater or less extent. The two back fabrics may then be cut apart, or one or both of them may be stripped oil", and the surface cut smooth by the cutting-machine, as desired. j

A similar fabric may also be produced by pressing these variously-colored pieces into a circular block, and then cutting 011 sheets concentrically. I

The forming India rubber into cylindrical blocln;I and cuttingofi" sheets concentrically, is a process. we understood. I proceed with the floorcloth composition I would here remark, that in every case,it isnotessential that the back fabric should remain attached to the composition; it may, if desired, be stripped ofi when the process of manufacture is complete, but (except foreconomy) I prefer to leavcthe back fabric attached.

In some cases, in order to'obtain a. marbled flOOI'r-GOfll or covering, or similar fabric, I lay several sheets of composition, differently colored, one over the other, and roll them on to a mandrel, and themfrom the roll so obtained, I obtain a sheet by spiral cutting. In making the roll, I employ sheets of composition, which are very irregular in their thickness, or else I .nse sheets of regular thickness, and roll them upon an irregular mandrel. Witho dt this, a suitable variety of color would not be obtained.

The out sheet may be cemented on to aback fabric, if desired. The following is the method 'I prefer:

Sheets of various colors are rolled onan .eccentric roller, and when sntliciently large, the roll is warmed, placed in a press, (a hydraulic press is preferred,) and pressed into a solid roll. The roll is then advanced, ,by gradual movement, against a knife, by a machine,

such as'is used for cutting India, rubber, and an endless sbeet of mar-bled material is produced. A back fabric is cemented on in rollers, with cement, as pre-. viously described. I

In some cases, in order to give to floor-cloths, and over-in gs, and similar fabrics, the face of which is comdesiredf used of a plastic, or semi-plastic composition, an appearauce resembling Brussels carpeting, I indent r surface with shallow grooves at short distances apart, and parallel, the oneto the other, or there may beitwo.

sets of grooves crossing each other.. The pattern is produced by engraved embossing-rollers, of gun-metal,

which are used cold; Afterward, I print a pattern on tothe surface so prepared, as heretofore practised in printing floor-cloths.

' ,i "The grooves on the surfaces will be found to break np-the -p ias ses of color sufli 'entlytp give the In some cases, inorderto give floor-cloths, and cov'erings,and similar fabrics, the face-of which is com-.

posed of a'plastic, or semi-plastic composition, an appearauce resembling ordinary fioor cloths, I spread the composition upon the back of a woven fabric, in

the manner and by the means of a pair of powerful lOlltJ'S and their appurtenances, as described in the preceding part of this specification, and thereby produce a sheet of the fabric with, a smooth surface.

I then print, or paint a-pattern upon the smooth surface so prepared, without previously embossing or indenting it, in the same manner as has heretofore been practised in producing patterns upon ordinary floor-cloths. I

The several processes which-I have described, may

be applied to produce slabs of composition suitable for use as pavement; and" in making such slabs, the use of back cloths may sometimes be dispensed with, when, if the composition were thin enough for floor-cloth,

they would be necessary. I

What I claim, is-

v The manufacture of floor-cloths, and coverings, and I similar fabrics, and pavements, substantially as herein set forth.

Witnesses I mmnxw om i G. F. WARREN, Both the. 17 Gracechurci 

